| Study of abiotic and biotic stresses sensing and responding in plants, signaling networks and retrograde control of nuclear gene expression |
| Antioxidant enzymes regulation at activity, transcription and translation levels. |
| Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as the ascorbate and glutathione redox state, Tocopherols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Carotenoids accumulation levels. |
| Changes in some physiological parameters such as photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic quantum yield and chlorophyll content. |
| The analysis addressed different retrograde signaling pathways such as reactive oxygen species and phytohormones levels. |
| Analysis the responses of stress-associated transcription factors like AP2/ERF-transcription factor family. |